Dictator In Perpetuum

Other articles where Edictum perpetuum is discussed: ancient Rome: Hadrian and the other Antonine emperors: his expert jurists codify the edictum perpetuum (the set of rules gradually elaborated by the praetors for the interpretation of the law). He also appointed four former consuls to serve as circuit judges in Italy. This brought Italy close to becoming a province; Hadrian’s intent. Dictator perpetuo (English: 'dictator in perpetuity'), also called dictator in perpetuum, was the office held by Julius Caesar from 26 January or 15 February of the year 44 BCE until his death on 15 March. By abandoning the time restrictions usually applied in the case of the Roman dictatura.

By age 39/40, Julius Caesar had been a widower, divorce, governor ( propraetor) of Further Spain, captured by pirates, hailed by adoring troops, quaestor, aedile, consul, named to an important priesthood, and elected (although he may not have been installed) - a lifelong honor usually reserved for the end of a man's career. What was left for his remaining 16/17 years? That for which Julius Caesar was most well known: the, military victories in Gaul, the dictatorship, civil war, and, finally, assassination. At the start of the Roman Republic, the Roman people were mainly farmers, but between the fall of the monarchy and the rise of Julius Caesar, Rome changed dramatically.

First, it mastered Italy; then it turned its sights to the Carthaginian hold on the Mediterranean, to gain supremacy over which it needed a fighting naval force. Citizen fighters left their fields prey to land speculators, although if all went well, they returned home with ample booty. Rome was building its remarkable empire. Between slaves and the conquered wealth, the hard-working Roman became the luxury-seeking spendthrift.

Real work was carried out by slaves. A rural lifestyle gave way to urban sophistication.

The governing style that developed as an antidote to monarchy originally included severe limitations on the power of any one individual. But by the time large-scale, enduring wars became the norm, Rome needed powerful leaders whose terms would not end mid-battle. Such men were called. They were supposed to step down after the crisis for which they were appointed, although during the late Republic, Sulla had put his own time limits on his term as dictator.

Julius Caesar became dictator for life (literally, perpetual dictator). Note: Although Julius Caesar may have been the permanent dictator, he was not the first Roman 'emperor'. Quaestor Julius entered the course of advancement ( ) in the Roman political system as quaestor in 68 or 69 B.C. Curule Aedile In 65 B.C., Julius Caesar became curule aedile and then managed to be appointed to the position of, contrary to convention, since he was so young. Praetor Julius Caesar became for 62 B.C. And during that year divorced his second wife for not being above suspicion, in the Bona Dea scandal involving Claudius/Clodius Pulcher. Consul Julius Caesar won one of the consulships in 59 B.C.

The chief advantage for him of this top political position was that following the term in office, he would become governor (proconsul) of a lucrative province. Proconsul After his term as, Caesar was sent to Gaul as the proconsul. Mistresses Julius Caesar himself was guilty of many extra-marital affairs, - with Cleopatra, among others.

One of the most significant relations was with Servilia Caepionis, the half-sister of Cato the Younger. Because of this relationship, it was thought possible that Brutus was Julius Caesar's son. Male Lover Julius Caesar was taunted all his life with charges of having been the lover of King Nicomedes of Bithynia. Wives Julius Caesar married Cornelia, a daughter of Marius' associate, Lucius Cornelius Cinna, then a relative of Pompey named Pompeia, and finally, Calpurnia. 102/100 B.C. July 13/12 - Caesar's Birth. 84 - Caesar marries the daughter of L.

Cornelius Cinna. 75 - Pirates capture Caesar. 73 - Caesar is elected Pontifex. 69 - Caesar is quaestor. Julia, Caesar's aunt (Marius' widow), dies. Cornelia, the wife of Caesar, dies.

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67 - Caesar marries Pompeia. 65 - Caesar is elected Aedile. 63 - Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus. 62 - Caesar is praetor.

Caesar divorces Pompeia. 61 - Caesar is Propraetor of Further Spain.

60 - Caesar is elected Consul and forms the. 59 - Caesar is Consul. 58 - Caesar defeats the Helvetii and Germans. 55 - Caesar crosses the Rhine and invades Britain. 54 - Caesar's daughter, who is also Pompey's wife, dies.

53 - Crassus is killed. 52 - Clodius is murdered; Caesar defeats Vercingetorix. 49 - Caesar crosses the - begins. 48 - Pompey is murdered. 46 - Thapsus Battle (Tunisia) against Cato and Scipio. Caesar made dictator. (Third time.).

45 or 44 (Before Lupercalia) - Caesar is declared dictator for life; literally perpetual dictator. Ides of March - Caesar is assassinated.

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